{"id":3674,"date":"2025-03-27T12:27:00","date_gmt":"2025-03-27T17:27:00","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/?post_type=perspective&#038;p=3674"},"modified":"2025-07-19T00:06:39","modified_gmt":"2025-07-19T05:06:39","slug":"global-trade-war-escalates-as-tariffs-expanded","status":"publish","type":"perspective","link":"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/perspective\/global-trade-war-escalates-as-tariffs-expanded\/","title":{"rendered":"Global Trade War Escalates as Tariffs Expanded, Inciting Retaliation by U.S. Trading Partners\u00a0"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p><strong>Key Takeaways:&nbsp;<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>The U.S. imposed 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminum imports, sparking immediate retaliation from Canada and the European Union.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>Canada&#8217;s response includes over C$60B in tariffs on U.S. goods, while the EU prepares new duties on bourbon, boats, and agricultural products.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li>U.S. companies must assess whether new tariff costs can be passed to consumers and explore strategies to mitigate growing global trade risks.&nbsp;<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p>&#8212;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In a further sign of the Trump Administration\u2019s reliance on tariffs as a tool to further its domestic and foreign policy objectives, new tariffs of 25% on steel and aluminum imports into the U.S. went into effect on March 12. These tariffs had been previously announced (including coverage of steel and aluminum derivative products, not just raw materials) but negotiations for exemptions failed. The new tariffs apply to all imports from all countries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>These new steel and aluminum tariffs were imposed under Section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962 and were, essentially, an extension of the previous \u201cnational security\u201d tariffs that had been imposed during the first Trump Administration in 2018. Under this statute, the President can impose tariffs following an investigation by one of more federal agencies on whether imports of the subject merchandise are threatening U.S. national security interests.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>A Commerce Department investigation in 2017-18 found that such harm was present with respect to steel and aluminum raw materials and recommended imposing tariffs of 25% on imports of steel products and 10% on aluminum products. Such duties were then imposed but many large steel- and aluminum-producing countries (including Australia, Brazil, Japan Mexico, and South Korea) obtained exemptions. These exemptions are no longer available for the new tariffs but none of these countries announced any plans to retaliate against the U.S. for the new steel and aluminum tariffs.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Canada responded to the latest round of tariffs on March 13 by imposing <a href=\"https:\/\/www.canada.ca\/en\/department-finance\/news\/2025\/03\/list-of-products-from-the-united-states-subject-to-25-per-cent-tariffs-effective-march-13-2025.html\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">25% tariffs on a list of U.S. goods<\/a> totaling C$29.8 billion, including C$12.6 billion worth of steel products, C$3 billion worth of aluminum products, and other US goods worth C$14.2 billion. Merchandise categories include tools, computers and servers, display monitors, sports equipment, and cast-iron products. The new tariffs will apply to goods of U.S. origin as determined by the United States Mexico Canada Agreement (USMCA) marking rules (formerly NAFTA marking rules found at 19 C.F.R. \u00a7 102 et seq.). The new tariffs announced on March 13 are in addition to those previously announced by Canada on March 4 covering C$30B worth of other U.S.-originating goods (with no overlap between the two lists).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, Canada published a proposed list of C$125B in additional duties on other U.S.-originating products that is open for public comment until April 2. This list includes all items on the March 13 list, meaning there could be multiple tariff measures in place on a specific item as of April 2.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>On March 13, the EU also responded by announcing a <a href=\"https:\/\/ec.europa.eu\/commission\/presscorner\/detail\/en\/ip_25_740\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">two-part retaliation plan<\/a> for the U.S. tariffs. The first part restores the EU\u2019s \u201crebalancing\u201d tariff packages (from 2018 and 2020) that will go into effect April 1, 2025. Tariffs as high as 50% will be applied on products ranging from boats to bourbon to motorbikes.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The second part of the EU response will eventually impose additional countermeasures on approximately \u20ac18 billion worth of U.S. exports targeting agricultural and industrial products produced in the Midwest \u2013 represented primarily by Republicans in the U.S. Congress. The first step in this process is the launch of a two-week consultation with EU stakeholders. As stated by the EU, \u201c[t]hese consultations will ensure that the right products are chosen for inclusion in the new countermeasures, ensuring an effective and proportionate response that keeps disruption to EU businesses and consumers to a minimum.\u201d&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Finally, mainly in response to the EU retaliatory tariffs on U.S. bourbon, on March 13, President Trump announced that he would impose tariffs of 200% on all imports from the EU of wine, champagne, and all alcoholic beverages if the EU did not immediately remove the 50% tariffs on U.S. whiskey. According to data from Eurostat, about 20% of all exports of EU wine are destined for the U.S. market and the U.S. is the top market for exports of Champagne from that region of France.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Insight&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>As President Trump continues to inject uncertainty into the global trade landscape, the focus has now broadened to include imports from the EU, as well as Canada and Mexico, the two largest trading partners of the U.S. Whether the threat of U.S. retaliatory tariffs on imports of wine and spirits from the EU will play out over the coming days and weeks, but in his first term, President Trump placed additional tariffs on imports of EU-originating liquor and other alcohol. Reports indicate that recovery from that round of tariffs was long and challenging for the industry.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>The overriding question still facing U.S. companies (and nonresident companies, which include many Canadian entities that import into the U.S.) is whether the cost of any new tariffs that might ultimately be paid by the U.S. importer of record can be passed on to U.S. consumers in whole or in part. Canada, Mexico, and China account for more than 40% of all U.S. imports and include motor vehicles, pharmaceuticals, shoes, electronics, lumber, steel and aluminum, and a host of other products ultimately purchased by American retail consumers. In 2024, the U.S. was also the largest importer of EU goods (accounting for 20.6% of all EU exports) and the second largest exporter of goods to the EU (claiming 13.7% of all EU imports).&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Lurking in the background is the April 2 deadline on which new \u201creciprocal\u201d tariffs are expected to be announced on all imports from many of the U.S.\u2019 major trading partners, including the EU (for prior coverage, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.bdo.com\/insights\/tax\/trump-s-new-reciprocal-tariffs-further-upend-global-trade\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">see the alert dated February 17, 2025<\/a>). President Trump recently noted that not only will the U.S. factor in the foreign duty rate on imports of U.S. goods, but VAT will also be added into the mix to determine an appropriate new \u201creciprocal\u201d tariff rate via which the current U.S. duty rate will be increased the match the foreign duty and VAT rate for goods imported from each of the targeted countries.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>President Trump has also noted that sector-specific tariffs will be imposed in the coming weeks on auto imports, semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, and certain other materials.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>In sum, many view these potential new tariffs as the escalation of a new global trade war in which all major trading nations will ultimately become enmeshed. Multinational companies trading in goods should consider mitigation strategies to lessen or eliminate the impact of these significant new tariffs for merchandise imported into the U.S.&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-image size-full\"><picture><source srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_infographic_MKT000913_Global-Trade-War-Escalates-as-Tariffs-Expanded-3.webp 725w,https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_infographic_MKT000913_Global-Trade-War-Escalates-as-Tariffs-Expanded-3-233x239.webp 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" type=\"image\/webp\"><img src=\"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_infographic_MKT000913_Global-Trade-War-Escalates-as-Tariffs-Expanded-3.webp\" height=\"744\" width=\"725\" srcset=\"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_infographic_MKT000913_Global-Trade-War-Escalates-as-Tariffs-Expanded-3.webp 725w, https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/thumbnail_infographic_MKT000913_Global-Trade-War-Escalates-as-Tariffs-Expanded-3-233x239.webp 233w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 725px) 100vw, 725px\" class=\"wp-image-4201 sp-no-webp\" alt=\"\" loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\"  > <\/picture><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p><em>Written by Damon V. Pike, Mathew Mermigousis and James Pai. Copyright \u00a9 2025 BDO USA, P.C. All rights reserved. <\/em><a href=\"http:\/\/www.bdo.com\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\"><em>www.bdo.com<\/em><\/a><em><\/em>&nbsp;<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\">Trade Strategy Support Amid Tariff Turbulence: How MGO Can Help&nbsp;<\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>With trade tensions escalating and new tariffs emerging rapidly across critical industries, your business needs to stay agile and informed to protect its bottom line. Our <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/solution-industry\/tax-services\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">team of tax professionals<\/a> can help you navigate this shifting regulatory landscape by assessing the impact of current and proposed tariffs on your operations, identifying strategic duty mitigation opportunities, and supporting you in revisiting your supply chain, sourcing, and customs compliance strategies. <\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>Whether you\u2019re a U.S. importer, a foreign entity shipping goods to the U.S., or a multinational navigating multiple tariff regimes, we bring the cross-border insight and practical solutions needed to reduce costs and preserve your global competitiveness. <a href=\"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/contact\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noreferrer noopener\">Contact us<\/a> to learn how we can help you turn global disruption into a strategic advantage.\u00a0\u00a0<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Key Takeaways:&nbsp; &#8212; In a further sign of the Trump Administration\u2019s reliance on tariffs as a tool to further its domestic and foreign policy objectives, new tariffs of 25% on steel and aluminum imports into the U.S. went into effect on March 12. These tariffs had been previously announced (including coverage of steel and aluminum [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":4195,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"content-type":"","_monsterinsights_skip_tracking":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_active":false,"_monsterinsights_sitenote_note":"","_monsterinsights_sitenote_category":0},"perspective_topic":[114,22,167,313,71],"perspective-type":[42],"class_list":["post-3674","perspective","type-perspective","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","perspective_topic-government","perspective_topic-manufacturing","perspective_topic-risk-management","perspective_topic-tariffs","perspective_topic-transfer-pricing","perspective-type-articles"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v25.8 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Global Trade War Escalates as Tariffs Expand - MGO CPA | Tax, Audit, and Consulting Services<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"U.S. steel and aluminum tariffs trigger global retaliation, escalating tensions with Canada, the EU, and other key trading partners.\u00a0\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.mgocpa.com\/perspective\/global-trade-war-escalates-as-tariffs-expanded\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Global Trade War Escalates as Tariffs Expand - 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